☙A Importância da conservação da biodiversidade☙
A biodiversidade pode ser definida como a variabilidade entre os seres vivos de todas as origens, a terrestre, a marinha e outros ecossistemas aquáticos, e os complexos ecológicos dos quais fazem parte. Na ilha da madeira é o berço da floresta Laurissilva é incluída na lista de Sítios Naturais Património Mundial da UNESCO, porque abriga numerosos endemismos de plantas vasculares, musgos, invertebrados e aves únicos à escala planetária e habitats naturais representativos e importantes para a conservação da diversidade biológica, atestam a justiça deste reconhecimento. Também desempenha um importante papel no equilibrio hidrologica da ilha garantindo a sua estabilidade e evitando os processos erosivos.
A Laurissilva está incluída na área do Parque Natural da Madeira, é uma Reserva Biogenética do Conselho da Europa, Património Natural Mundial da UNESCO e faz parte da Rede Natura 2000.
Por esta razão, apelo a todos os madeirenses e turistas, bem como a outras partes do mundo, para que cuidem e respeitem sempre o nosso ambiente natural.
Aqui estão algumas imagens de plantas endémicas, novidades e plantas invasoras:
ARVORES: Loureiro - Laurus novocanariensis
ARBUSTOS: Uveira-da-serra - Vaccinium padifolium
HERBÁCEAS: Orquídea-da-serra - Dactylorhiza foliosa
AVES: Pombo-trocaz ou pombo-da-madeira - Columba trocaz
Apesar da sua proteção, a Laurissilva da Madeira está exposta a vários perigos devido ao impacto da ação do Homem. Os incêndios destroem toda a vegetação e as plantas invasoras dificultam o crescimento das espécies indígenas. Muitas das plantas invasoras foram introduzidas na ilha como plantas ornamentais devido ás suas flores atrativas e odor agradável.
© Ainara Germán
*English Version*
☙The importance of biodiversity conservation☙
Biodiversity can be defined as the variability between living beings of all origins, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part. The island of Madeira is the cradle of the Laurissilva forest and is included on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Natural Sites, because it is home to numerous endemic vascular plants, mosses, invertebrates and birds that are unique on a global scale, and representative natural habitats that are important for the conservation of biological diversity, attesting to the justice of this recognition. It also plays an important role in the island's hydrological balance, guaranteeing its stability and preventing erosion.
The Laurissilva is included in the Madeira Natural Park area, is a Council of Europe Biogenetic Reserve, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site and is part of the Natura 2000 Network.
For this reason, I appeal to all Madeirans and tourists, a well as those from other parts of the world, to always take care of and respect our natural environment.
Here are some images of endemic plants, novelties and invasive plants:
TREES: Laurel - Laurus novocanariensis
SHrubs: Uveira da Serra - Vaccinium padifolium
HERBS: Mountain orchid - Dactylorhiza foliosa
BIRDS: Wood pigeon - Columba palumbus maderensis
Despite its protection, Madeira's Laurissilva is exposed to various dangers due to the impact of human activity. Fires destroy all the vegetation and invasive plants hinder the growth of indigenous species. Many of the invasive plants were introduced to the island as ornamental plants due to their attractive flowers and pleasant odours.
INVADERS: Hottentot-fig - Carpobrotus edulis
More recently, the site is facing a number of threats, invasive species being one of the most serious. The recent increase in the number of tourists also represents a management challenge. Significant uncertainties remain as to the likely long-term impact of the associated increase in water consumption, the effects of which are likely to be affected by climate change (IUCN).
Madeira's Laurissilva is currently included in the Madeira Natural Park area and is protected by regional, national and international legislation. It is a priority habitat, called Macaronesian Laurissilva, according to the European Union's Habitats Directive and the most characteristic species are also directly protected by EU directives. It is also a Special Protection Area and has therefore been designated a Natura 2000 site under the name of Laurissilva da Madeira.
Since 1992 it has been a member of the Council of Europe's Network of Biogenetic Reserves, as it has undeniable natural values and uniqueness, which corresponds to the international community's recognition of its enormous importance.
© Ainara Germán
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